Monday, July 20, 2015

Meteorologist Discusses Upcoming Hurricane Season


With hurricane season already underway, Ken Graham of the National Weather Service (NWS) made a presentation about hurricane preparedness at a recent Washington Parish Government meeting.

Graham, the meteorologist in charge of the NWS in Slidell, said he makes these presentations to 22 parishes and 8 counties in Mississippi to make sure people are reminded and aware of the dangers of hurricanes and what his office does to assist the public. He stated that the NWS works closely with local emergency preparedness managers to stay connected to communities during all weather-related times.

"Preparing for a hurricane is tricky because you're almost fighting some of your preconceived notions," said Graham. "Every one of the categories for hurricanes is different; you can't just base it on winds. It could be rain, storm surge, tornadoes. You have to pay attention to everything like that."

"The National Hurricane Center sends us all these different (hurricane) models and blends them together to attract. It's our job to put together what the impact will be for Washington Parish. That's our role and we convey that through the emergency managers here. All parishes have briefings and the charts and information you see, that's us behind the scenes."

Graham stated that the upcoming hurricane season is projected to be below average, but cautioned everyone not to let their guard down. "We are forecasting a below average season because of El Niño. The forecast you see is not a forecast for landfall. That's a forecast for the whole Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico. It only takes one," said Graham.

According to Graham, Hurricane Audrey in 1957 was a Category 4 storm in an El Niño year. Hurricane Betsy in 1965 was an El Niño year. Hurricane Andrew was a slight of an El Niño year.

"There weren't a lot of hurricanes in any of those years but it just took the one to get us."

The World Meteorological Association in Geneva puts together the names of hurricanes each year.

In 2005, Graham said that The Weather Service ran out of names and had to go to the Greek alphabet. In 2010, The Weather Service almost ran out of names again. "We don't remember 2010 though because it didn't affect us."

Last season only eight hurricanes formed and all of them went into the Atlantic.

"All you have to do is shift the Bermuda high to the West about 400-500 miles and every one of them would have gotten into the Gulf of Mexico. It would've been an historic season," said Graham.

Graham said he has briefed the Coast Guard and challenged them to take all of their preconceived notions and plans and cut the time in half. He also asked the Parish Government to do the same.

"I've heard of 80 hour plans, 90 hour plans, 120 hour plans and even working on 200 hours. You're not going to get it. Unless something comes off of the African coast and travels all the way across the Atlantic, you're not going to get that kind of timing (to prepare)."
 
Hurricane Audrey wasn't named until 48 hours before the Category 4 storm struck Louisiana. In 1969, Hurricane Camille didn't get a name until 80 hours before landfall. In 2003, Tropical Storm Bill wasn't named until 72 hours before making landfall and dropping large amounts of rainfall over the area. Bill caused over $50 million in damages while being responsible for four deaths along its path. Hurricane Cindy barely reached Category 1 status but drenched South Louisiana with a tremendous amount of water. Hurricane Cindy didn't even exist 72 hours before landfall, but ended up causing a severe blackout in New Orleans along with three deaths along its path even though being downgraded shortly after landfall.

"We're better than we used to be, but we can only put out a warning and a forecast if it exist" stated Graham. "I really encourage everybody to get in a room with the plan you have and cut the time in half and see what happens."

Graham said the National Weather Service has new technology available this season that will provide more information. An Inundation Map has an accuracy of 90% probability of being accurate those values or less. There's also a new prototype storm surge warning product. This also includes river warnings which are also issued through the NWS.

The National Weather Service started in 1870 at the US Customs House on Canal Street in New Orleans. Graham said the Inundation Map had more public input during its creation than any other product in NWS history.

"Once we put out a map or a warning, you'll have a map like this (Inundation Map) to look at. We will put the map out at 48 hours or below."

Graham also highly encouraged tourist and school groups to tour the National Weather Service office in Slidell. The office is located by the Slidell airport. He stated that "we launch a weather balloon twice a day and the kids really get a kick out of that".

He also stated that the NWS in Slidell is one of the few offices where you can call 24 hours a day and reach a live meteorologist to receive weather reports with everyone being trained to give a consistent message.

"The President of United States gets the same briefing as anybody else," said Graham. "We've taken that very seriously since Katrina."

Hurricane season began June 1 and runs through November 30.

Meteorologist Ken Graham can be reached by email at kenneth.graham@noaa.gov

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